juniper mx480 power consumption. Installing an MX480 AS MLC. juniper mx480 power consumption

 
 Installing an MX480 AS MLCjuniper mx480 power consumption  PTX3000 router supports the Routing and Control Board, RCBPTX

Non-PoE power being consumed : 84 W. MPC7E (Multi-Rate) Overview & Specifications Supported Platforms Supported Interface Modules. 76 Tbps of system capacity, the MX480 offers high-density 10GbE, 40GbE, 100GbE interfaces, as well as. My guess is it will depend on how much power is allocated. With the rich MX and Junos feature set provided by the Trio 4, small footprint, low cost and low power consumption, the MX204 represented an affordable cost entry point to 100G. For this configuration, output power is 2935 W. In that case, when the chassis boots up, it may need to draw additional power. Deliver both residential and business solutions with Juniper's reliable and flexible MX480 3D Universal Edge Router. PWR-MX480-2520-AC-S: 2520 W AC Power Supply for EX9208, spare (Note: AC power cords are sold separately) PWR-MX480-2400-DC-S:If you’re never going to have more than 6 MPCs, the MX480 is going to be more power efficient. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Table 1: Protocols and Applications Supported by MPC7Es in the MX240, MX480, MX960, MX2010, and MX2020 Routers. netTo determine the power budget and power margin needed for fiber-optic connections, you need to understand how signal loss, attenuation, and dispersion affect transmission. Add to Cart. Juniper Pathfinder | Your one-stop shop for Juniper product information from authentic sources. Starting in Junos OS Evolved Release 21. For example: jnxBoxClass. Customers may observe the following alarm on the new primary after a switchover: Before switchover, all the fabric planes on CB1 are in Spare state. 1. For service personnel to remove and install hardware components, there must be adequate space at the front and back of the router. FPCs are hot-removable and hot-insertable, as described in MX480 Component Redundancy. Documentation Archives. More. . Total PoE power consumed : 0 W. Recommended for you. 2. Start here to evaluate, install, or use the Juniper Networks® MX480 Universal Routing Platform, a router optimized for cloud, campus, enterprise, data center, service provider. _____ juniper-nsp mailing list juniper-nsp@puck. com> wrote: > > We are evaluating the three Juniper platforms, and trying to understand the > power consumption differences between the 3. By using these features, you can decrease the downtime normally associated with a RE failure to an absolute minimum. The SDN-ready MX480 3D Universal Edge Router delivers high performance, reliability, and scalability for service provider and cloud applications. Close search. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. To check overall CPU and memory usage, enter the following Junos OS command-line interface (CLI) command: The sample output shows the amount of virtual memory used by the Routing Engine and software processes. Posted 01-17-2018 16:08. 5. Each AC power supply provides power to all components in the router. •Two redundant, field-replaceable power supplies each provide up to 920 watts of power. My guess is it will depend on how much power is allocated. Due to its small size, the MX240 supports only two MPC slots. WAN-PHY mode at 10 Gbps on a per-port basis. ACX2000 Documentation. test chassis fchip write-register address 0x10c data 0 cb. To enable queueing on non-HQOS cards, use this command: set chassis fpc <slot#> flexible-queuing-mode. Install the Routing Engine into the SCBE3-MX. 77 Call For Lowest Price! Add to Cart. 5 seconds Max MPC base power consumption 910 Watts Max MIC1 power consumption 155 Watts Max MPC total power consumption 1065 Watts labroot@router-re1> AFFECTED PRODUCT SERIES / FEATURES. MX480 DC Power Supply Description. The MX2000 line of Universal Routing Platforms offers a broad set of hardware and software features that together ensure nonstop network availability. 50 W. The terminal studs may be damaged if excessive torque is applied. Documentation Help. Offering ultra-high-density 10GbE, 25GbE, 40GbE, 50GbE, 100GbE, and 400GbE connectivity. Page 1 MX480 Universal Routing Platform Hardware Guide Published 2019-12-03. 7. MX480 DC Power System Input Voltage Item Specification DC input voltage Operating range: –40. BA classification based on 802. 30Overall power consumption: Typical configuration: 2 × HSCA + 15 × GNOA + 2 × PIBA + FAN + CIOA. 2. 6. EX3400-48T: 1. It supports 2,520 watts of power. netBesides the chassis size and power consumption anything we should know or consider deciding between a MX 240, MX480, and MX960? It seems the MX240 is too small for our needs, so its really the MX480 vs MX960. 05 0. The SDN-ready MX480 3D Universal Edge Router delivers high performance, reliability, and scalability for service provider and cloud applications. The router chassis is a rigid sheet metal structure that houses all the other router components (see Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3). Juniper calls that Zone 0. About This Guide. In a non-redundant configuration the SCBE3-MX provides. $588. High-performance throughput on each port at speeds up to 1 Gbps. Weight: 15. That means all of the power supplies are sharing the load. Hardware features. Line-rate throughput of up to 1. Cloud Services Products . Optional air deflector kits are available that let you install the MX480 routers in a hot aisle/cold aisle ventilation environment. Power & space efficiency – 2 RU. Let us know what you think. Configuring Ethernet Interfaces. From left to right: MX80, MX240, MX480, MX960, and MX2020. I've enabled tunnel-services on the FPC/PIC and I've applied that as my "lt" anchor-point on the PS interface. Each AC power supply weighs approximately 5. Routing Engine status: Temperature 52 degrees C / 125 degrees F. Reply Reply Privately. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice. Base power reserved : 175 W. Allow 5. Juniper Networks Power Calculator enables you to calculate maximum power consumed by a product by dynamically configuring different components. Each AC power supply weighs approximately 5. Displays information specific to the chassis. Connect Power to an AC Router with Normal-Capacity Power Supplies. MX480. Download Juniper MX480 Datasheet (eng) Available to quote: MX480BASE3-AC; MX480BASE-AC. 2 cm) deep (from the front-mounting brackets to the rear of the chassis). 6 cm) high, 17. Command introduced in Junos OS Release 10. netBesides the chassis size and power consumption anything we should know or consider deciding between a MX 240, MX480, and MX960? It seems the MX240 is too small for our needs, so its really the MX480 vs MX960. Weight: 15. The QSFP-100G-ZR4 optic power budget with maximum Transmitter Dispersion Penalty (TDP) is 30. The SDN-enabled MX240 5G Universal Routing Platform offers high performance, scale, and investment protection for a wide variety of service provider and. The MX2008 supports a DC power system. Solution. Expand search. Perform the following checks: Check the CPU utilization on the Junos device with the command: show chassis routing-engine. The power supplies are fully redundant, load-sharing, and hot-removable and hot-insertable FRUs when the second power supply is installed and running. Total power allocated for PoE : 925 W. 33 A @ 100 VAC or 14 A @ 240 VAC maximum (11 A per inlet) Connecting an MX480 AC Power Supply Cord. nether. Junos: 17. #S-BB-NASREQ. Last updated: 24 Jul 2023. Total PoE power consumed : 0 W. . A Dense Port Concentrator (DPC) is optimized for Ethernet density (see Figure 1 ). Altitude:Juniper ATP Appliance All-in-One or distributed defense system. Whether or not a new hardware component is powered on depends on the availability of power in the PEM. Table 2 lists the Switch Control Board (SCB) power requirements. 00. 7 kg)and consists of one DC input (–48 VDC and return), one 40 A (–48 VDC)circuit breaker, a fan,. Sorry about that . Ensure that each nut is properly threaded onto the terminal stud. Connecting Power to an AC-Powered MX480 Router with Normal-Capacity Power Supplies. MX960 PIC Description. It provides additional processing power to run the Next Gen Services. Removing the cables from the extended cable manager is not necessary to access the air filter. List Price: $83,916. 4 lb (8. The cooling system consists of the following components: Fan tray ; Air filter ; The cooling system components work together to keep all router components within the acceptable temperature range. Figure 1: AC Power Supply for EX4300 Switches. You can install one or two host subsystems on the router. View online or download Juniper MX480 Manual. 3 kg) and consists of one AC appliance inlet, an AC input switch, a fan, and LEDs to monitor the. Fixed-Configuration MX Series Platforms. The power supplies connect to the midplane, which distributes the different output voltages produced by the power supplies to the router components, depending on their voltage requirements. Besides the chassis size and power consumption anything we should know or consider deciding between a MX 240, MX480, and MX960? It seems the MX240 is too small for our needs, so its really the MX480 vs MX960. Table 1 – Cryptographic Module Hardware Configurations Chassis PN Power PN SCB PN RE PN MACSec Card PN MX240 PWR-MX480-2400-DC PWR-MX480-2520-AC SCBE2-MX RE-S-X6-64G RE-G. Hardware features. Ensure reliable power supply to your devices with the Juniper Networks AC 25200 Watt Spare Power Supply. Switching Bandwidth (Tbit/s) 5. _____ juniper-nsp mailing list juniper-nsp@puck. Acoustic noise (dB) 70. Shows the chassis fru power on sequence. Check the red and yellow alarm LEDs on the craft interface. 1 onwards: re0# set system arp-system-cache-limit ? Possible completions: <arp-system-cache-limit> Set max system cache size for ARP nexthops (200. Loosen the captive screws on the fan tray faceplate. 5 Tbps of system capacity that supports inline MACsec without performance penalties for 10/40/100 GbE interfaces. Learn about the MX204 edge router. Features supported on MX480 in Junos OS 23. Figure 2: Airflow Through the MX480 Chassis. Use this guide to install hardware and perform initial software configuration, routine maintenance, and troubleshooting for the MX480 5G Universal Routing Platform. Space is not really an issue,Similarly, if you issue the command from the backup Routing Engine, the primary Routing Engine is powered off. Overview & Specifications Supported Platforms Supported Interface Modules. Hear from Juniper Networks CEO Rami Rahim as he visits the lab to hear about the powerful performance of the 400G-capable PTX10008 router. 75 lb (9. Space is not really an issue, The command output displays the status of both power supplies installed in the router. 6990 mW / -1. High-capacity cooling system. Maximum power consumption: up to 4,100 W. The control plane in a Juniper router is handled by the Routing Engine, while the forwarding plane is handled by forwarding cards known as Flexible PIC Concentrator (FPC) or Modular Port Concentrator (MPC) depending on which router you are using. How to find the SNMP OID that corresponds to the SNMP object name in Junos. MX240 MX480 and MX960 Power Consumption colton. The MX5's Gigabit Ethernet Modular Interface Card (MIC) includes Junos® Traffic Vision for built-in comprehensive. The maximum number of supported FPCs varies per router: MX960 router—6 FPCs. when you have a charger connected, at least some of the power will be drawn from the charger, and the battery will report no drain (on my system, with the charger connected. Junos OS release 16. Normal-capacity cooling system. No alarms just doesnt power on . In 2013, the MX. The user takes action based on the reachability result. Press the latch located on the inside of the fan tray to release it from the chassis. ; To exit the menu without rebooting the switch, press the Menu button again. 2R1 23 Jun 2023 gz (3402. 42. Remove RE 1 EOL | Insert the new RE on RE 1 ( doubut if RE0-EOL will recognize RE 1 new ) 3. 76 Tbps of system capacity, the MX480 offers high-density 10GbE, 40GbE, 100GbE interfaces, as well as support. Yes, 320 W is the maximum possible power. 8 Tbps of I/O capacity in a 1 U, fixed form factor. It helps network operators prepare their networks—and their businesses—to react quickly to ever-changing market conditions in the cloud era. When you reboot the MX480 , the system will believe that it now has 2 x PEMs initially installed after powered on , hence will not report the third PEM missing. AS MXCs are hot-removable and hot-insertable. Installing an MX480 AS MLC. Learn more to find out the software feature information for each release supported on MX480. 5. Figure 1 shows the power supply. View and Download Juniper MX240 - UPGRADING manual online. Total PoE power remaining : 925 W. When RE/SCB upgrade is done, usually the SCB, for example, SCB3 will use higher power compared to previous version of SCB. The MX10K-LC480 has two Packet Forwarding Engines, each providing a maximum bandwidth of 240 Gbps. 64MB) Checksums VMHost USB Installer 64-Bit 23. 41 = system thermal output in BTU/hr 6051 W * 3. Key features include support for Flexible Ethernet (FlexE), a wide range of Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services and advanced. content_copy zoom_out_map. If necessary, flip the ejector handles outward. Step 7: Perform Initial Software Configuration. 43dB/km worst case fiber attenuation and 2dB connector loss. Juniper MX480 - PS Interface Not Working. Symptoms. Hi . Junos OS release 16. To install a Routing Engine into an SCB ( Figure 2 ): Attach an ESD grounding strap to your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD grounding point. Fixed-configuration MPC with 10-Gbps, 40-Gbps, 100-Gbps, and 400-Gbps port speeds. MX-SPC3 Services Card Overview and Support on MX240, MX480, and MX960 Routers. configurationwithfullpowerforaslongastherouterisoperational. Legacy: FREEBSD 6. show chassis power. Anyone found power consumption data for different models of Juniper EX4300, or even better done, or could do own measurements? Relevant models would be: EX4300-48P EX4300-48T EX4300-24P EX4300-24T The P models, assuming now power pulled on Power over IP. 3 cm) of clearance between side-cooled routers. Up to 20-Gbps of full-duplex traffic. The Junos OS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary tool for controlling and troubleshooting router hardware, Junos OS, routing protocols, and network connectivity. 5 A at 240 VAC. Navigation. 1 for PTX Series Packet Transport Routers. To see EOS details, visit M Series Hardware Dates & Milestones. Picture Information. Transceiver. The MX-SPC3 services card is compatible end-to-end with the MX Series Switch Fabrics, Routing Engines and MPC line cards for MX240, MX480, and MX960 routers. Transmitter wavelengths (range) 1266 nm through 1360 nm. MX480 Cable Management Brackets. root@ex4300-48P#> show chassis power-budget-statistics fpc 0:-----PSU 0 (JPSU-1100-AC-AFO-A ) : 1100 W Online Power redundancy configuration : N+0 Total. sean. You can find the SNMP object name by using the following command on the Junos device: id@router> show snmp mib walk 1. Phillips (+) screwdrivers, numbers 1 and 2. Feature Explorer. MX204 Fixed DC System - HW and STD Junos; Feature right to use must be ordered separately. Technical Features. Power options: AC/DC: -40 to -72 VDC 100-240 VAC. 00 Our Price: $64,813. In addition, Virtual Chassis technology supports. The NetScreen-204 and NetScreen-208 normal working status or average power consumption is roughly 30 Watts. If necessary, pull the spring-loaded locking pin in the release lever away from the chassis and turn the release lever. 18. If you remove a Routing Engine from a member router in an MX Series Virtual Chassis for upgrade or repair, you must replace it with a new Routing Engine in the empty Routing Engine slot, and install the same Junos OS release on the new Routing Engine that is running on the other Routing Engines in the Virtual Chassis. DC Power Circuit Breaker Requirements for the MX240 Router. Start here to evaluate, install, or use the Juniper Networks® MX960 Universal Routing Platform. Table 2 lists the Switch Control Board (SCB) power requirements. The Juniper Networks MX204 Universal Routing Platform is an Ethernet-optimized edge router with 400-Gbps capacity that provides both switching and carrier-class Ethernet routing. A Failed condition triggers the red alarm LED on the craft interface. Name in the CLI: 3D 20GE SFP. MX480 Chassis Description. The SDN-enabled MX480 Universal Routing Platform is packed with highly scalable routing, switching, security, and service features that enable revenue-generating applications, network consolidation, and service convergence. 5 Tbps of system capacity that supports inline MACsec without performance penalties for 10/40/100 GbE interfaces. nether. ASR9Ks run IOS-XR which use the same type of configuration committal that Junos has. MX240 (4), MX480 (4), MX960 (4) Power connector, Power over Ethernet Power LEDs MX240 (2), MX480 (2), MX960 (2), MS-MPC (14) Status indicator lighting Status out Online/OfflineBesides the chassis size and power consumption anything we should know or consider deciding between a MX 240, MX480, and MX960? It seems the MX240 is too small for our needs, so its really the MX480 vs MX960. Description. 0. > On Aug 21, 2015, at 8:28 AM, Colton Conor <colton. If planning to switch off power, use the both-routing-engines option. 1. 1R1 . com> wrote: > > We are evaluating the three Juniper platforms, and trying to understand the > power consumption differences between the 3. 4, the FRU model numbers are left blank when the router has enhanced. MX240 - UPGRADING network hardware pdf manual download. 5 Tbps of system capacity that supports inline MACsec without performance penalties for 10/40/100 GbE interfaces. Dense 100/400 GbE. 00 + $25. The MX960, MX480 and MX240 also share common components, including field-replaceable switch fabrics, Routing Engines and Modular Port Concentrators (MPCs) which are installed from the front, and power supplies and fan trays which are installed from the back; cooling is provided by fully redundant fan trays that take air in from the front andSave on refurbished Juniper Networks MPC5E-40G10G Modules at a great price with free priority shipping, Lifetime Warranty and Advanced Replacement. MX960 14 Slot Base Chassis with 2 Fan Trays, 3 AC Power Supplies, 2 SCB, 1 RE. The "lt" interface is showing up. Hardware features. Posted 04-01-2013 13:48. When the ACX2200 router are operating normally and both power supplies are switched on, load sharing between them occurs automatically. The power. Call For Lowest Price! Add to Cart. I would be upgrading from a MX80, so this is quite a jump. 17. 0 Recommend. Modified 2 years, 3 months ago. The exhaust for the power supplies is located on the rear bulkhead power supplies. Power-saving features on the MX2020 help contain OpEx and maintain exceptional efficiency. user@host> show chassis fpc 1 detail Slot 1 information: State Online Temperature 34 Total CPU DRAM 3072 MB Total RLDRAM 259 MB Total DDR DRAM 4864 MB Start time: 2012-06-19 10:51:43 PDT Uptime: 16 minutes, 48 seconds Max Power Consumption 550 Watts. 00 shipping. After completiBesides the chassis size and power consumption anything we should know or consider deciding between a MX 240, MX480, and MX960? It seems the MX240 is too small for our needs, so its really the MX480 vs MX960. ago. 3 kg) and consists of one AC appliance inlet, an AC input switch, a fan, and LEDs to monitor the status of the power supply. A minimum of two AC nominal 220 VAC 20 amp power cords are required for this procedure. Syntax: - fpcpic where: pic: 0 or 1. *Note that the specs on the MX240-PREMIUM3-AC includes two 2500W PEMs, since that provides full redundancy on those units. 1R1, when you take an FPC offline by using the request chassis fpc slot <slot-number> offline command on these devices, the screen displays the following message. (14 cm) between the side of the chassis and any non-heat-producing surface such as a wall. The DPC assembly combines packet forwarding and Ethernet interfaces on a single board, with either two or four 10-Gbps. This helps users. MX480 DC Power Supply Description | 37 MX480 DC Power Supply LEDs | 39 DC Power Supply Electrical Specifications for MX240 and MX480 | 40 DC Power Circuit Breaker Requirements for the MX480 Router | 42 DC Power Source Cabling for the MX480 Router | 43 DC Power Cable Specifications for the MX480 Router | 44 Table 1: Normal Capacity AC Power System Specifications. ; When the MAIN MENU (Maintenance menu) appears, press the Enter button. Power MX240 (4), MX480 (4), MX960 (4) Power connector, Power over Ethernet Power LEDs MX240 (2), MX480 (2), MX960 (2), MS-MPC (14) Status indicator lighting Status outMake sure that the power and grounding cables are arranged so that they do not obstruct access to other router components. 12. Command introduced in Junos OS Release 10. Command introduced in Junos OS Release 15. Description. Performance. Juniper Networks’ advanced subscriber management solution for MX Series 3D Universal Edge Routers is operationally proven. Power options: AC/DC. Peak consumption and. Same for the MPC5E. 0 Recommend. 0 Tbps on MX240, MX480, and MX960 5G Universal Routing Platforms when installed with an enhanced midplane. conor@gmail. Maximum Power Requirement. The SCBE3-MX Enhanced Switch Control Board provides improved fabric performance and bandwidth capabilities for high-capacity line cards using the ZF-based switch fabric. MX480 DC Power System. > On Aug 21, 2015, at 8:28 AM, Colton Conor <colton. Juniper Networks MX480 is a Universal Routing Platform with 9 Tbit/s performance and 10GbE, 40GbE, 100GbE ports service cards. 13 and we have memory over 70% with OSPF, LDP, BGP in dual stack. its 2M max for high end mx such mx480, mx960 and above. Do you have time for a two-minute survey? Start here to evaluate, install, or use the Juniper Networks® MX10003 Universal Routing Platform. 13. When these planes are offline, the above alarm is. 7 kg) and consists of one DC input (–48 VDC and return), one 40 A (–48 VDC) circuit breaker, a fan, and LEDs to monitor the status of. 6990 mW / -1. Total power allocated for PoE : 925 W. {master:0} root@ex4300-48P>. 77 A @ 48 V (37 W) Weight: 1. For this configuration, output power is 3225 W. The only way to bring up an FPC (MPC) that is offline is by rebooting the chassis. As a result, one of the FPC, usually the last one in the affected zone, may end up getting insufficient power and will not come. Once it's done, the old primary Routing Engine (eg. M. 12 kg) Model number: MPC7E-MRATE. JDM Installation Install JDM on RE0 by using the following Junos CLI operational mode command. • Juniper ATP Appliance Safety and Regulatory Guide—Contains conformance and safety information for Juniper ATP. Note:The Junos OS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary tool for controlling and troubleshooting router hardware, the Junos OS, routing protocols, and network connectivity. The reason you see 400% value is because BSDx images have Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and 4 cores enabled on RE1800x4. Tools and Parts Required for MX480 Router Grounding and Power Connections. CPU temperature 44 degrees C / 111 degrees F. Configuring chassis ambient temperature to monitor power consumption of FPCs : Junos OS 15. Line-rate throughput of up to 260 Gbps. MX480 DC Power System. Total power supplied by all online PSUs : 1100 W. Posted 04-01-2013 13:48. Whether or not a new hardware component is powered on depends on the availability of power in the PEM. Typical power consumption: 1880 W. 10GE XFP pluggable transceiver, singlemode 1310nm 10km reach. 4. MX480 Universal Routing Platform Hardware Guide CAUTION: The maximum torque rating of the terminal studs on the DC power supply is 36 lb-in. 6 Tbps of throughput and 10. Line-rate throughput of up to 1. Log in. If redundant Fabric Planes are not available, then the above guidelines are not recommended on production routers. DRAM 3584 MB (4096 MB installed) Memory utilization 47 percent. CLI commands display information from routing tables, information specific to routing protocols, and information about network connectivity derived from the ping and. This article highlights the reason an FPC may not come online during and RE/SCB [email protected] Tbps of system capacity that supports inline MACsec without performance penalties for 10/40/100 GbE interfaces. Display SFP+ transceiver details on the Juniper switch (EX4600) To check the PIC media type and status for a particular FPC, use the show chassis fpc pic-status fpc-slot command. (EX9200 switches, MX Series 5G Universal Routing Platforms and PTX Series Packet Transport Routers only) Display power limits and usage information for the AC or DC power sources. With 10 RU, the router weighs less than 150 lbs and gives you 7 Tbps of bandwidth. See Table 2. 5, issuing a "request system power-off in 0" did result in the switch performing a graceful shutdown and as u. The MX480 Universal Routing Platform delivers 7. MX480 DC Normal-capacity. 85 W. Each table lists the first Junos OS release in which the MPC supports the MIC. Please save your data and log out immediately. The configuration syntax for each type of line card is the same: fpcport . Ranging from 2U to 44U, the MX comes in many shapes and configurations. 5/5/10GbE access ports, 10/25 GbE uplink/stacking, 1/10GbE uplink. RE: LNS MX480 Subscriber Managmnet ( ( Commit Problem ) 0 Recommend. Look at the output of show chassis power and see what the allocated power is. Juniper Networks MX204 Universal Routing Platform provides efficient aggregation of more than 86,000 service connections. Power Off the MX240 Router. Maybe almost as impressive in size and performance is the heavyweight — or maybe not so heavyweight — Cisco ASR-9006. MX480 is a single power zone. The "lt" interface is showing up. You can use the ‘request routing-engine login other-routing-engine’ CLI command to connect to the backup RE1. conor at gmail Aug 21, 2015, 6:28 AM Post #1 of 4 (2332 views) Permalink We are evaluating the three. lab> show chassis routing-engine Routing Engine status: Slot 0: <SNIP> CPU utilization: User 0 percent. MX960, MX480, and MX240 Universal Routing Platforms are modular, chassis-based platforms. 1.